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5 Whys

Get to the root of an issue by going beyond the surface level answers

Project Stage:
Develop

Who:
Experts
Decision makers
Service Providers

Design Principles:
06. We will challenge assumptions & design with evidence  08. We will design to deliver value in all its forms  09. We will build, test, learn & iterate 



The 5 Whys is a simple, yet effective problem-solving technique used to explore the root cause of an issue. By asking “why” multiple times – typically five – you progressively drill down to uncover the underlying cause or issue. This method is especially helpful for spotting problems that point to bigger, underlying issues.

Use it to

  • Identify and solve root causes of problems rather than symptoms.
  • Improve processes or services by understanding underlying issues.
  • Facilitate more in-depth thinking and avoid surface-level solutions.

Top Tips

  • Keep asking “why” until you feel you’ve reached the root cause.
  • Involve stakeholders from different levels to ensure comprehensive answers.
  • Be careful not to blame individuals; focus on group processes.
  • Sometimes it may take more or fewer than five “whys” to get to the root.

How – to

  • Identify a problem to be investigated.
  • Ask the first “Why” and note the answer.
  • Based on the response, ask another “Why.”
  • Continue this process until you reach a root cause or a point where further questioning no longer adds value.

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